BIM情境下综合设施管理服务供应商激励契约

为有效激励综合设施管理（Integrated Facility Management，IFM）服务供应商应用BIM进行IFM外包服务，实现BIM在IFM过程中的应用价值与IFM项目绩效，基于委托代理理论，针对IFM外包BIM应用过程中IFM服务供应商需要执行的BIM系统运营服务和IFM业务咨询服务两项任务，构建多任务委托代理模型；依托模型，分析在两项服务任务成本相互独立、相互依存及相互替代等三种激励模式下的激励契约；结合模型计算与MATLAB仿真结果，辨识最优的激励模式及激励契约。研究表明：3种模式下的激励契约将对IFM服务供应商产生不同的激励效果，并对业主方IFM项目造成差异性绩效；3种激励模式下的最优激励契约由高到低排序为：成本相互依存模式下的最优激励契约>成本相互独立模式下的最优激励契约>成本相互替代模式下的最优激励契约；业主方应选取合适的激励模式与契约对IFM服务供应商进行激励，且其服务能力与IFM项目绩效越高，业主方对其激励将越大。     

中低纬度下惯导极区性能模拟测试方法

针对惯性导航系统极区性能试验难以实地开展的问题, 研究了一种模拟测试的方法, 并基于横向坐标系编排给出了以组合导航系统作为测量基准的惯导模拟测试方案。首先分析了模拟测试技术研究的必要性, 然后根据轨迹形变最小原则详细推导了基于横向坐标系编排的极区模拟测试转换公式, 之后针对测试中采用不同基准的情况, 提出了相应的惯性测量单元(inertial measurement unit, IMU)转换算法, 并提出以惯性导航系统/全球导航卫星系统(inertial navigation system/global navigation satellite system, INS/GNSS)为参照基准的一种具体测试方案, 最终完成了仿真实验, 验证了模拟测试理论的正确性。结果表明, 在基准误差不计的情形下，试验导航参数误差与惯导实地横向编排解算误差相当。初步验证了所提方法替代极区实地试验进行精度性能评估的可行性, 为后续极区模拟测试评估研究奠了定理论基础。     

基于不平衡数据的公司破产预测研究

整合创新数据预处理技术与集成算法利用不平衡数据探讨了公司破产预测问题。首先，运用冗余信息处理方法、不同抽样方法等对不平衡数据进行预处理。其次，以5.0分类器（Classifier 5.0,C5.0）决策树和单隐层前馈神经网络作为基分类器，分别与三类重抽样数据预处理技术结合，择出最优抽样法。再次，结合自助汇聚法提升分类效果，并运用十折交叉验证的受试者操作特征曲线的下方面积进行评价，对比了两基分类器的集成模型。最后，运用加利福尼亚大学尔湾分校数据库中一万多家波兰制造业公司的实际数据进行实验验证。实验结果表明：欠抽样或人工少数类过采样法与神经网络结合的集成模型分类效果最优，为企业实施破产预测提供积极支撑。     

2021年经济景气形势监测、分析和预测

我国经济增长在遭遇前所未有的疫情冲击后进入为期一年的超常快速扩张期，并于2021年2月形成扩张高峰，此后转入经济周期收缩阶段。2020年11月至2021年7月经济运行已恢复至“正常”景气区间，但需求端的恢复弱于供给端。2021年3季度的综合警情指数明显下滑，发出“偏冷”预警信号，且4季度可能继续下行,但物价总体保持稳定。预计全年GDP增长8.1%左右（两年平均增长5.2%左右），全年CPI上涨0.9%左右。建议宏观调控应做好跨周期设计，注意处理好稳增长、防风险和节能环保的关系，提高疫情应对的精准性，适度加大稳增长力度，努力保持经济在合理区间的平稳运行。     

基于已实现半协方差的投资组合优化

在传统的风险度量方法中,常见的协方差估计量并未区分资产收益的下侧风险和上侧收益,而一般的下偏矩估计量则存在非对称性和难以加总的缺点.本文引入已实现半协方差矩阵(RSCOV)作为风险度量进行波动率预测和投资组合研究.本文将RSCOV应用于两种常见的风险分散投资策略—风险平价(ERC)策略和全局方差最小(GMV)策略,并将机器学习中的在线加权集成(OWE)算法用于提升已实现波动率预测方法HAR-RV的样本外预测表现.通过研究发现,相比起已有的其他风险衡量方式,仅包含负向波动信息的下半RSCOV能够更好地被用于平衡组内各资产的风险贡献.基于A股市场2011-2018年的高频数据,本文通过实证研究发现,OWE-HARRV在月度预测步长下的效果优于HAR-RV,而下半RSCOV则能够使ERC策略以及GMV策略在保证一定平均收益的同时,降低了组合收益的极端损失.     

Methods for backcasting,nowcasting and forecasting using factor‐MIDAS: With an application to Korean GDP

We utilize mixed‐frequency factor‐MIDAS models for the purpose of carrying out backcasting, nowcasting, and forecasting experiments using real‐time data. We also introduce a new real‐time Korean GDP dataset, which is the focus of our experiments. The methodology that we utilize involves first estimating common latent factors (i.e., diffusion indices) from 190 monthly macroeconomic and financial series using various estimation strategies. These factors are then included, along with standard variables measured at multiple different frequencies, in various factor‐MIDAS prediction models. Our key empirical findings as follows. (i) When using real‐time data, factor‐MIDAS prediction models outperform various linear benchmark models. Interestingly, the “MSFE‐best” MIDAS models contain no autoregressive (AR) lag terms when backcasting and nowcasting. AR terms only begin to play a role in “true” forecasting contexts. (ii) Models that utilize only one or two factors are “MSFE‐best” at all forecasting horizons, but not at any backcasting and nowcasting horizons. In these latter contexts, much more heavily parametrized models with many factors are preferred. (iii) Real‐time data are crucial for forecasting Korean gross domestic product, and the use of “first available” versus “most recent” data “strongly” affects model selection and performance. (iv) Recursively estimated models are almost always “MSFE‐best,” and models estimated using autoregressive interpolation dominate those estimated using other interpolation methods. (v) Factors estimated using recursive principal component estimation methods have more predictive content than those estimated using a variety of other (more sophisticated) approaches. This result is particularly prevalent for our “MSFE‐best” factor‐MIDAS models, across virtually all forecast horizons, estimation schemes, and data vintages that are analyzed.     

Forecasting in long horizons using smoothed direct forecast

This paper constructs a forecast method that obtains long‐horizon forecasts with improved performance through modification of the direct forecast approach. Direct forecasts are more robust to model misspecification compared to iterated forecasts, which makes them preferable in long horizons. However, direct forecast estimates tend to have jagged shapes across horizons. Our forecast method aims to “smooth out” erratic estimates across horizons while maintaining the robust aspect of direct forecasts through ridge regression, which is a restricted regression on the first differences of regression coefficients. The forecasts are compared to the conventional iterated and direct forecasts in two empirical applications: real oil prices and US macroeconomic series. In both applications, our method shows improvement over direct forecasts.     

Exchange rate forecasting and the performance of currency portfolios

We examine the potential gains of using exchange rate forecast models and forecast combination methods in the management of currency portfolios for three exchange rates: the euro versus the US dollar, the British pound, and the Japanese yen. We use a battery of econometric specifications to evaluate whether optimal currency portfolios implied by trading strategies based on exchange rate forecasts outperform single currencies and the equally weighted portfolio. We assess the differences in profitability of optimal currency portfolios for different types of investor preferences, two trading strategies, mean squared error‐based composite forecasts, and different forecast horizons. Our results indicate that there are clear benefits of integrating exchange rate forecasts from state‐of‐the‐art econometric models in currency portfolios. These benefits vary across investor preferences and prediction horizons but are rather similar across trading strategies.     

Forecasting the duration of short‐term deflation episodes

The paper proposes a simulation‐based approach to multistep probabilistic forecasting, applied for predicting the probability and duration of negative inflation. The essence of this approach is in counting runs simulated from a multivariate distribution representing the probabilistic forecasts, which enters the negative inflation regime. The marginal distributions of forecasts are estimated using the series of past forecast errors, and the joint distribution is obtained by a multivariate copula approach. This technique is applied for estimating the probability of negative inflation in China and its expected duration, with the marginal distributions computed by fitting weighted skew‐normal and two‐piece normal distributions to autoregressive moving average ex post forecast errors and using the multivariate Student t copula.     

《素描与色彩》课程思政建设:思政资源的挖掘、凝练与植入

课程思政是新时期构建全课程、全方位育人的重要组成部分和实现途径,而课程思政资源又是实现课堂教学在育人中主渠道、主阵地地位的重要支撑。《素描与色彩》课程思政建设,基础是思政资源的挖掘与整合,重点是思政资源与教学内容的衔接,难点是思政资源与专业知识点的化合。应对课程教学素材与内容进行梳理分析,挖掘其历史文化内涵与政治文化背景,凝练典型个案,对接专业知识内容,通过系统化整合,达到教学案例蕴含思政背景,教学过程贯穿思政内容,教学评价植入思政主题的全过程课程思政目的。